Drama Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Show Research Paper - Essay Example The creator of the play â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire†, Tennessee Williams, lived in when men were depicted as pioneers of the family and riches was the aggregate of a man’s individual worth. The way that Williams decides to depict his characters shows that he planned to depict them as pariahs. Stanley Kowalski, for instance, is a straightforward man, who treats his significant other Stella rudely basically on the grounds that she is a lady and in this manner an outcast to the predominant sexual orientation. Her obligations as a spouse are to comply with his orders and endure his conduct. During this period it was viewed as basic for a man to be brutal with his significant other as he saw essential with the goal for her to gain from her mix-ups, especially inside the lower classes where viciousness appeared to be increasingly predominant. â€Å"Girls assimilate the message that you simply smile and bear it when you’re hit, while young men ingest the message that hitting by men might be proper to show love and force in relationships† (â€Å"Physical and Emotional Abuse†, 2008). After one of these ‘corrective’ assaults which makes Stella briefly leave her significant other, Stella states to her sister, â€Å"He was a decent sheep when I retu rned and he’s actually quite, embarrassed about himself† (Williams, 2309). Stella quickly returns to her better half significantly in the wake of being fiercely beaten in light of the fact that she believes she needs to for her own help and in satisfaction of her marriage promises. The peruser comprehends that today this sort of conduct is illegal and isn't endured in any way, and a lady shouldn't be hitched so as to be glad, while around then ladies needed a man for social acknowledgment. The perils of untouchable status is uncovered in the edgy manner by which ladies are depicted as relying upon a man for help. Stella states, â€Å"Stanley doesn’t give me a normal stipend, he jumps at the chance to take care of tabs himself, however - at the beginning of today he gave me ten dollars to smooth things over† (Williams, 2311). She needs

Jonathan Livingston Seagull Essay

Like Starsky and Hutch, Jaws and flared pants, Jonathan Livingston Seagull was one of the hits of the 1970s. It was even made into a film. In any case, what precisely is this book, and is it still worth perusing? Bach’s blockbuster is an elevating tale of a seagull, Jonathan, who concludes he is significantly more than only a seagull, who needs something different out of life. It comprises of less than 100 pages, remembering numerous marvelous photos of gulls for activity. The book is presently an image of the other option or New Age otherworldliness that rose as of now †yet the same number of have noted, Jonathan’s involvement with the story is a purposeful anecdote for the life of Jesus Christ. Flying into the obscure Jonathan is diverse to different winged animals in his rush: â€Å"For most gulls, it isn't flying that issues, however eating. For this gull, however, it was not eating that made a difference, yet flight.† His dad reveals to him that â€Å"The reason you fly is to eat†, and that flying for it isn't finished. All things considered, Jonathan goes through his days exploring different avenues regarding fast plunges and flying low over the water. He needs to push his cutoff points, to discover what is conceivable. Regularly, it finishes in urgent disappointment. He surrenders to simply being a piece of the group, doing things the manner in which they had consistently been finished. Be that as it may, one day he attempts a jump, and can quicken to a hundred and forty miles for each hour, â€Å"a dark cannonball under the moon†. The following day, he goes even past this, more than 200 miles for each hour, the quickest a gull had ever flown. In his festival Jonathan fli es down from the statures and flies directly through his own herd, fortunately not murdering anybody. He understands he has taken his species to another level. When he trains them what he knows, he figures, they will no longer have a worn out existence of moving between different angling boats, getting fish goes to endure. He will show them a more significant level of presence. Virtuoso ousted However the following day, Jonathan is gathered to remain before the gull Council. For his ‘reckless irresponsibility’ he is disgraced and exiled from the herd. He is told he doesn't comprehend the reason for gull life †to eat to remain alive to the extent that this would be possible. Out at the Far Cliffs, Jonathan goes through his days alone, miserable less for himself yet for the conceivable outcomes the herd has scorned. For all the time he is finding better approaches to get things done. From his flying investigations he finds that a controlled rapid jump into the water can show signs of improvement tasting fish which swim some separation beneath the surface. Incidentally, his affection for flying itself has lead to a bounty of food. Jonathan later meets a gathering of further developed gulls, gulls like him who fly for it. They bring him into another measurement, a kind of paradise for gulls, and he is informed that he is a one out of many gull, since he has t aken in the exercise of life: that it isn't simply to ‘get through’ yet to look for your own flawlessness here and there. Most gulls need to experience a thousand lives before they understand this. In the author’s words: â€Å"We pick our next world through what we realize in this one. Get the hang of nothing, and the following scene is equivalent to this one, no different constraints and lead loads to overcome.† We should look for our own flawlessness; this is the explanation behind living. Last word It may take just thirty minutes to peruse, yet Jonathan Livingston Seagullcan clear the brain and lift the sights, similar to a stroll on the sea shore taking in the salty air. It is simple now, 35 years on, to disregard the creativity of the book’s idea, and however some discover it rather naã ¯ve, in actuality it communicates immortal thoughts regarding human potential. At the point when you go to the ocean side you see gulls continually quarreling about a solitary french fry or a bread outside, and think, ‘How they quarrel about nothing!’ Yet this book gives us that a great many people resemble the gulls in Jonathan’s group: on the off chance that they just escaped their limited outlooks they would acknowledge what wealth anticipated them. Like the British traveler of a similar name, Jonathan Livingston realizes that â€Å"The gull sees most remote who flies highest†. In the event that considering enormous changes throughout your life, this book may move the certainty you need. it encourages us to would what you like to do overlooking what others will consider you.. be that as it may, we should full heartedly practice to accomplish our fantasy simply like Jonathon Livingston ,each time he practice he comes to know the mix-up in his fly needs flawlessness so he goes through days and evenings getting familiar with the speed and flight. That’s all I needed to reply.. The principal exercise that got clear to me was the exercise of how to live openly. To have the option to live the manner in which you need and not thinking about the assessments of others. This appears to me to be the most significant exercise I have gained from this book, in light of the fact that despite the fact that this might be the hardest exercise to tail I trust it gives you the best fulfillment. I have learned as of late that by simply following the â€Å"flock† you can make yourself be baffled, however by following your own heart you can amaze yourself regarding how upbeat you can be. Beginning now and proceeding into the future I intend to live by my own qualities and not be embarrassed in the event that I think uniquely in contrast to the remainder of my companions. To genuinely live uninhibitedly however, it is unavoidable that some extreme decisions should be made and that is the second exercise I achieved from the book. For the duration of our lives we will be confronted with decisions and it is our choice to either pick the way that will leave us alone really and uninhibitedly glad or the way that others figure we ought to follow. Applying this to my own life might be somewhat hard from the outset since it is consistently hard to run contrary to the natural order of things however I imagine that after some time by bit by bit settling on appropriate decisions for myself I could at long last arrive at my actual bliss. Another exercise that influenced me was the means by which we have to challenge our own constraining self-convictions. From the time we are conceived we are determined what is correct, what's going on, and what to accept.

T-Minus Six Days

T-Minus Six Days Yup, its true: CPW 2010 IS ALMOST HERE!!! My poor inbox is struggling under the sudden influx of CPW-related e-mails, and my willpower to study is slowly but surely slipping away. I cant wait until all 1100+ of you get on campus! Its going to be EPIC. As those of you who tuned into the CPW live chat already know, your hosts will be contacting you this coming Sunday or Monday. If you have any questions for your host, have them ready! I was lucky last year in that my host was someone I already knew, but for many of you, that wont be the case. Its not a bad idea to exchange e-mails with your host before you get here, just to get to know them a little better. If youre nice to them, they might be willing to snag a cot for you to sleep on, which means you wont have to lug a sleeping bag halfway across the country or world, whichever it may be :) If youve checked out the CPW website, you will have noticed a list of things to pack. Notice that one of the items listed is a camera. Do NOT forget your camera! I think I came home from CPW last year with close to 200 pictures, and I would have taken more, were it not for the fact that my battery ran out of power and I didnt have my charger. Speaking of which: bring your charger. As far as events go, there are a lottt (over 500? 600?). Overwhelmed as I was by the sheer number of activities and the obvious impossibility of sleep, I attempted to narrow down the events I wanted to attend at last years CPW by ranking them in terms of where Id get the most free stuff. This turned out to be an incredibly fulfilling experience. My total winnings were comprised of seven or so t-shirts (though most of them were at least three sizes too big for me because I apparently fail at pushing my way to the front of the line), a couple key chains, several pens and pencils, a couple squishy stress-relieving things, a laundry bag (hahaha), way too much candy, and a bunch of other stuff that eludes my memory at the moment. When I wasnt trying to hoard free stuff, I spent time cooking a gourmet French dinner at New House, running away from cats at Random Hall (I like dogs more), visiting classes, and attending club/majors fairs. My favorite CPW event was undoubtedly the Closing/Variety show; I know Cam blogged about this earlier, but seriously, MIT a capella groups = amazing. There was also some pretty hardcore juggling and several neat performances by MIT dance groups. Somewhere on my computer, I have a video of basically the entire show, but I wouldnt want to ruin it for you guys ;) Though I admittedly spent most of CPW on campus, I did wander out into Boston a little bit. If you get a chance to explore, I highly recommend it! Boston is one of the most lively cities Ive ever been in; I spent my last day of CPW checking out some of the restaurants, the stores, and just admiring the elegant and historic architecture. As I recall, CPW last year overlapped with the 2009 Boston marathon, so there were quite a few people running alongside the Charles. By quite a few, I mean even more than usual, which, as youll find out, is impressive; there are always people running in Boston. Anyway, thats a quick run down of CPW. Points to remember: 1) Bring a camera, 2) Explore, and 3) Have a blast with your fellow members of the MIT Class of 2014!! Ill see you all soon :)

Pride and Prejudice Study Guide

Pride and Prejudice is a novel by Jane Austen that satirizes issues of marriage and social class. It follows the relationship between the quick-to-judge Elizabeth Bennet and the haughty Mr. Darcy as both learn to mend their errors in judgment and look beyond markers of social status. First published in 1813, the bitingly funny romantic comedy has endured as both a popular favorite and a literary classic. Fast Facts: Pride and Prejudice Author: Jane AustenPublisher: Thomas Egerton, WhitehallYear Published: 1813Genre: Comedy of mannersType of Work: NovelOriginal Language: EnglishThemes: Love, marriage, pride, social class, wealth, prejudiceCharacters: Elizabeth Bennet, Fitzwilliam Darcy, Jane Bennet, Charles Bingley, George Wickham, Lydia Bennet, William CollinsNotable Adaptations: 1940 film, 1995 television miniseries (BBC), 2005 filmFun Fact: Researchers named a pheromone in male mice that attracts females â€Å"Darcin† after Mr. Darcy. Plot Summary Pride and Prejudice opens with the Bennet familys reaction to a bit of social news: the nearby Netherfield house has been leased to Mr. Bingley, a wealthy and single young man. Mrs. Bennet expresses the belief that Bingley will fall in love with one of her daughters. Her prediction proves true at the neighborhood ball, where Bingley and the sweet eldest Bennet daughter, Jane, fall in love at first sight. At the same ball, the strong-willed second daughter Elizabeth Bennet finds herself the object of disdain from Bingley’s arrogant, antisocial friend Darcy. Caroline Bingley and Mr. Darcy convince Mr. Bingley of Jane’s disinterest and separate the couple. Elizabeth’s distaste for Darcy only grows when she befriends Wickham, a young militiaman who claims that Darcy ruined his livelihood out of spite. Darcy expresses interest in Elizabeth, but Elizabeth harshly rejects Darcy’s self-absorbed proposal of marriage. The truth soon unravels. It is revealed that Wickham spent all the money Darcy’s father left him and then tried to seduce Darcy’s younger sister. During a trip with her aunt and uncle, Elizabeth visits Darcy’s estate, Pemberley, where she begins to view Darcy in a better light. Her positive impression of Darcy grows when she learns that he has secretly used his own money to convince Wickham to marry, rather than abandon, her sister Lydia Bennet. Darcys aunt, Lady Catherine, demands that Darcy marry her daughter, but her plan backfires and instead leads to Darcy and Elizabeth finding their romantic happiness alongside a reunited Jane and Bingley. Major Characters Elizabeth Bennet. The second of the five Bennet daughters, Elizabeth (â€Å"Lizzy†) is the story’s protagonist. Playful and intelligent, she prizes her ability to make judgments quickly. Her journey of self-discovery is at the heart of the story, as she learns how to discern the truth beneath first impressions. Fitzwilliam Darcy. Mr. Darcy is a haughty and wealthy landowner who snubs Elizabeth when they first meet. He is proud of his social status and is frustrated with his own attraction to Elizabeth but, like her, he learns to overcome his previous judgments to come to a truer perspective. Jane Bennet. The sweet, pretty eldest Bennet daughter. She falls in love with Charles Bingley, Her kind, nonjudgmental nature leads her to overlook Caroline Bingley’s malice until it is almost too late. Charles Bingley. Polite, open-hearted, and a little naà ¯ve, Bingley is a close friend of Darcy. He is easily influenced by Darcy’s opinions. He falls in love with Jane but is persuaded away from her, although he learns the truth in time to make amends. George Wickham. An outwardly charming soldier, Wickham’s pleasant demeanor hides a selfish, manipulative core. Though he presents himself as a victim of Darcy’s pride, he is revealed to be the problem himself. He continues his bad behavior by seducing young Lydia Bennet. Major Themes Love and Marriage. The novel focuses on the obstacles to, and the reasons for, romantic love. Most notably, it satirizes expectations about marriages of convenience and suggests that genuine compatibility and attraction—as well as honesty and respect—are the foundations of the best matches. Characters who try to subvert this thesis are the targets of the book’s biting satire. Pride. In the novel, uncontrolled pride is one of the biggest obstacles to the characters’ happiness. In particular, pride based on notions of class and status is framed as ridiculous and unfounded in real values. Prejudice. Making judgments about others can be useful, but not when those judgments are formed erroneously or quickly. The novel posits that overly confident prejudice must be overcome and tempered before the characters can reach happiness. Social Status. Austen famously satirizes the manners and obsessions of class distinctions. While none of the characters are socially mobile in the modern sense, obsessions with status are presented as foolish and arrogant. Wealth and inheritance do matter, though, as evidenced by Mr. Collins’ presence as Mr. Bennet’s heir. Literary Style Austen’s writing is famous for one particular literary device: free indirect discourse. Free indirect discourse is the technique of writing thoughts that seem to come from an individual characters mind, without shifting into first-person narration or using action tags such as she thought. This device gives readers access to inner thoughts and helps to solidify the characters’ unique voices. The novel was written in the Romantic period of literature, which was at its peak in the first half of the 19th century. The movement, which was a reaction against the onslaught of industrialism and rationalism, emphasized individuals and their emotions. Austen’s work fits into this framework to a degree, as it emphasizes decidedly non-industrial contexts and focuses primarily on the emotional lives of richly drawn individual characters. About the Author Born in 1775, Jane Austen is best known for her sharp observations of a small social circle: country gentry, with a few lower-tier military families in the mix. Her work prized the inner lives of women, featuring complicated characters who were flawed yet likable and whose internal conflicts were as important as their romantic entanglements. Austen shied away from over-sentimentality, preferring instead to mix heartfelt emotions with a helping of pointed wit.

Homelessness Is A Social Problem - 1459 Words

On any given night there are over 600,000 individuals experiencing homelessness across America (State of Homelessness, 2014). Some may be in transitional housing, others in shelters. Some may be completely on their own or with a companion of sorts, others are entire families lacking shelter, food, and basic everyday essentials more fortunate people take for granted. It is hard for anyone to believe that living on the streets could be a reality. The majority of homeless people have been driven into their unfortunate situation by sudden, unplanned events. Contrary to the popular belief that homelessness stems from some sort of mental or physical incapacity; there are plenty of other reasons that individuals end up without a home. Homelessness is a social problem, owed majorly to structural imbalance and the misdistribution of resources. Homelessness in America, specifically in California and our nation’s capitol, Washington D.C., can be compared to or even perceived as an epidem ic. With the rapid, unanticipated loss of jobs and subsequent foreclosures, anyone living anywhere near the poverty line is in danger of losing the roof over their head. CAUSES OF THE SOCIAL ISSUE Before there is any mention of the remedy for homelessness or the agonizing statistics on just who is living on the streets, the cause or the root of the problem must be identified and accepted. There is a common misconception about those who sleep under bridges and in tents (also known as chronicShow MoreRelatedIs Homelessness A Social Problem?971 Words   |  4 Pagesexperienced homelessness. Thirty five % affecting families with children and mental illness contribute to the lowest at twenty% (Students against Hunger). There are many different homeless population in between, such as military veterans, children under the age of 18, and those that have experienced domestic violence just to name a few. Homelessness is a social problem because it depletes federal funding, increases taxes, and can lead to criminal activity. The reaction to homelessness regarding theRead MoreSocial Problem Homelessness1065 Words   |  5 PagesApplication Social Problem Research: Homelessness Homelessness is becoming a major social issue in the United States, with many poor families and young people ending up in the street because of several reasons. This condition is leaving many people helpless in the streets and the number keep on rising on a daily basis. Cities like Detroit and New York are among the most populous with poor families and homeless people, making it important for government and other social agencies to find urgent solutionRead MoreHomelessness : The Social Problem Essay853 Words   |  4 PagesHousing is the social problem and the social issue addressed by the social problem is homelessness. Homelessness is â€Å"an individual who lacks housing (without regard to whether the individual is a member of a family), including an individual whose primary residence during the night is a supervised public or private facility (e.g., shelters) that provides temporary living accommodations, and an individual who is a resident in transitional housing† (HHS, 2016). The history of homelessness dates as farRead MoreThe Social Problem Of Homelessness2038 Words   |  9 PagesDescription of the social problem Homelessness is an epidemic social problem that faces several individuals and families across the United States, especially in Detroit, Michigan. You may have seen a person or family sleeping on a park bench, under bridges and other public areas. Perhaps you have seen them holding up a sign on a street corner asking for money because of the hunger pains. At some point, we all had taken a look at the person holding up their sign thinking it’s not my problem. Why shouldRead MoreHomelessness : A Social Problem2408 Words   |  10 PagesHumans are known to be social creatures. It does not matter whether an individual falls on the introverted side of a personality spectrum because some form of human interaction is needed in order to function in life. However, when individuals are shunned by society due to issues such as homelessness or mental illness, the social contact that they need in order to thrive often stops. Many individuals are condemned if they suffer with homelessness or mental illness, however the integration of individualsRead MoreHomelessness : A Serious Social Problem1464 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness is a serious social problem in most American cities. Homeless people are those who sleep in the open air or in provisional accommodation such as shelters or hotels, have no settlement after expulsion or release from jail or hospital, or dwell provisionally with relatives or friends on account of shortage of housing (Crane et al. 154-155). American economy has developed very fast since 1980s, but homeless population has been increasing. They seem to be seen here and there in public placeRead MoreHomelessness Is A Serious Social Problem2538 Words   |  11 Pages Homelessness in America has been a considered a serious social problem for at least thirty to forty years, affecting thousands upon thousands of people in all regions of the country. The individuals and families that make up the homeless population face struggles every day that many of us may never even experience in our entire lives. There are many factors that either contribute to or directly cause homelessness. Unfortunately, many people in our society believe that homelessness is a personalRead MoreWhy Homelessness Is Worldwide And Social Problem866 Words   |  4 Pagestransitional housing† (â€Å"definition of homelessness,† n.d.). It is important to recognize that homelessness is worldwide and social problem because it is directly affected by large social forces that affects individual’s social life. In a research made by Coalition for the homeless says that in December 2015, there were 60,096 homeless people in New York City, including 14,553 homeless fam ilies with 23,885 homeless children. Moreover, this becomes a social problem, due in large involvement to structuralRead MoreHomelessness Is The Most Vital Social Problem1668 Words   |  7 Pages Out of all of the social problems that are prevalent across America, homelessness is the one that should be grabbing the nation’s attention. As of April 20th of 2015, according to the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, 1,750,000 individuals in the United States were reported as being homeless (Homelessness/Poverty). Homelessness in America is a major problem, which needs to be addressed in a much more effective manner than it currently is. It should be at the forefront of everyRead MoreWhy Homelessness Is Worldwide And Social Problem858 Words   |  4 Pagestransitional housing† (â€Å"definition of homelessness,† n.d.). It is important to recognize that homelessness is worldwide and social problem because it is directly affected by large social forc es that affects individual’s social life. In a research made by Coalition for the homeless says that in December 2015, there were 60,096 homeless people in New York city, including 14,553 homeless families with 23, 885 homeless children. Moreover, this becomes a social problem, due in large part to structural inequality

Divine Roles Free Essays

University of Phoenix Material Divine Roles Across Cultures Matrix Select one common divine role that recurs in world mythology. Possible options of divine roles include the following: father or mother divinities, divinities of war, home or hearth divinities, divinities of love, divinities of wisdom, divinities of medicine or health, divinities of the wind, divinities of agriculture, divinities of the sky, ruler of all the gods, and so on. Identify the role in the title of your matrix. We will write a custom essay sample on Divine Roles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Select two myths, each from a different culture, in which the divine role appears. Identify the divinity names and cultures in columns A and B. Complete the matrix by answering each of the five questions for both selected divinities.Is the divinity male or female? How does this divinity |is the leader and they all rule their|as well as the father so they both | |interact with or compare to divinities |family and some even the world. Just |share of the same roles. The mother | |of the same gender and to divinities of|as the mother she also have a lot of |in every divinity mostly share the the opposite gender?say so in the leader ship role. same role some may act different but they have are mother. What are the divinity’s attributes, The powers that this divinity has is The powers that this divinity has is such as divine powers or to make better people by taking apart to make better people by taking apart characteristics? What objects does the in their children life because I in their children life because I divinity possess, such as a weapon or believe if people live by example believe if people live by example animal, that assist him or her? then there children are most likely then there children are most likely to follow. As a parent sometimes a to follow. As a parent sometimes a weapon can be talking to your weapon can be talking to your children or beating them with a belt. Ð ¡hildren or beating them with a belt. Identify one character from contemporary culture that shares characteristics of each divinity and explain why you chose each character. What real-life ideals does this divine role represent? How attainable are these ideals? Summary: Write a 150- to 350-word short essay addressing the following: Why do so many cultures have divinities in similar roles? How to cite Divine Roles, Essay examples

Criminology Crime Prevetion free essay sample

Respond to the questions on the comparative texts on â€Å"beggars† using the perspectives of left/right realism (approx. 500) 1. 1, 2. 1 Q1) Marsland’s article on â€Å"how to sweep these beggars from our streets† fits the right realist approach by assuming that people have chosen to be beggars of their own ‘free will’. He shows this by saying that capitalism and poverty is not the cause of them going begging he refers to them as an ‘intolerable blot’ as he believes them to as being a nuisance and are nothing more than parasites. He says â€Å"their possessive occupation like locusts swarming on the harvest†. He argues that begging should be shamed out of existence but blames the welfare as causing the escalation in begging. As he argues that they do not possess any morals and would advocate the return of the work house as he seems to favour Victorian standards and could also be likened to ‘John Major’s’ ‘back to basics’ speech which took place a year earlier. ( www. guardian. co. k,politics,1993) It could also be said that Marsland believes the beggars to be lacking in intelligence as Wilson and Hernnstein (1985) while looking at circumstances of black Latin Americans were not caused by discrimination but the ‘fact’ that they were born less intelligent. Herrnstein and Murray (1985) extended on this by linking low intelligence with criminality. (Joyce, P. (2006)  Criminal  justice: an introduction to crime and the  criminal  justice  system) Marsland also fits into the right realist approach by playing on the moral fibres of society, by describing them as not possessing the values of hard-working people and therefore creating an ‘us and them culture’. 2) How does Field’s view in Item B differ from the right realist approach? Field’s view differs dramatically from Marsland’s right realist approach as he accepts that the growth of poverty and the lack of work of many young people and their exclusion from mainstream society is a cause of them begging. In the regards to right realism, he takes an opposite view and one could argue that it is left realist approach as it empathises with the situation of the beggars and seeks to understand the problem rather than pushing it to one side. Field sees the beggars as victims of society rather than criminals and also points out that it’s a surprise that there is not more crime in society as he sees begging as a ‘fact of life’ and not a deviance. Field’s view of the behaviour of the beggars is quite the opposite from Marslands as he describes beggars as peaceful and not the aggressive menace Marsland would lead you to believe. Field also says that beggar’s are not behind the sudden dip in morals that seems to be the right realist view. Although Field seem to paint a pretty picture he does not offer any underlying reason for individual reasons for begging such as drug abuse or alcoholism and he also fails to offer any explanations as to why begging occurs in the first place. He also does not suggest any solution to the problems of beggar’s and he just simply accepts their existence. (Joyce, P. (2006)  Criminal  justice: an introduction to crime and the  criminal  justice  system) Task 2 Examine and evaluate key arguments and current debates on crime prevention and control. (approx. 800) 2. 1, 3. 1 There are two types of control in society: formal and informal control. Included in informal control is: friends, family and peer groups. The family offers control by providing us with norms and values and also sets the basis for our morality. Friends and peer groups teach people their role in society and how to conform, as well as socialisation. As friends and peers tend to be of a similar age, therefore individuals tend to relate more to their peers rather than the family. Formal social controls are organisations or systems with rigid rules, ideologies and morals that we obey. Included in formal social control is: religion, education, the mass media, the health service and the legal system. The mass media controls us by creating moral panic and reporting on things that are seen as deviant. Religion is very similar to family as it sets ground rules to norms, values and also morality. Education has been referred to as the hidden curriculum (Bowles and Gintis) as you learn without really thinking about it and teaches morality and citizenship to pupils. The health service teaches people to be concerned and responsible about their health. It can be seen as a positive form of control as people are encouraged to be more conscientious about what they are putting into their bodies. The legal system includes the police and the judicial system and can be seen as the most powerful as they teach people the correct behaviours in society with penalties being enforced if they do not obey. As well as control is prevention. There is primary crime prevention and secondary crime prevention. Primary crime prevention focuses on the environment in which criminal activity occurs. It suggests the best way to reduce crime is to prevent any opportunity of it happening. This is also known as situational crime prevention and works to design out crime. Situational crime prevention is a term used for a group of strategies used to target certain crimes such as vandalism, muggings and rape etc. This became a popular concept in the home office during the 1970’s due to the economics of the time and fell into the right wing ideology. Examples of situational crime prevention are CCTV, Speed bumps, high pressured sodium lighting and mosquito alarms (used to deter gang from hanging round shops). A study in Stoke showed that an improvement in lighting reduced crimes by 26%. A criticism of the study was that displacement could occur. However, the study shows that individuals in the adjacent areas found a reduction in crime due to the better lighting as more people were on the streets. There is also target remove which is the removal of object that may become a focus of criminal activity for example the removal of trend tool and appliances from commercial/ work vehicles during out of work hours, this is done to prevent theft and vandalism of said vehicles. (Joyce, P. (2006)  Criminal  justice: an introduction to crime and the  criminal  justice  system) Zero tolerance has also been suggested as a form crime prevention and was launched on the back of the broken window thesis (Wilson and Kelling 1982) which suggested petty crimes such as ‘vandalism’ were rectified quickly so for example if a window was broken in an area it would be fixed in order to give th e impression that the area was cared for. So zero tolerance meant that the perpetrators of said minor transgression would dealt with severely by law enforcement. This policy was delivered as a ‘hard edged’ manner to regaining the streets for law abiding citizens this approach could be criticised by the left realist approach as it plays on moral panics and is not considering why petty crimes may have taken place it just offers a quick fix solution. An argument in favour of zero tolerance I that police ntervention on minor offence could help deter the perpetrators from moving to more serious crimes. (Joyce, P. (2006)  Criminal  justice: an introduction to crime and the  criminal  justice  system) The managerial approach is in favour of zero tolerance as it is seen to be cost effective form of control of the identification and classification of risks of crime and is an efficient form of monitoring performance of similar competitive organizational target and is not concern with the out side world as long a s it internal goal are meet. For example zero tolerance reducing the over all crime rate. (Muncie J et al (edited) 1996 Criminological Perspectives, A reader) In 2003 another form of crime prevention and zero tolerance toward anti-social behaviour was but on the agenda in aim was to ‘take a stand against anti-social behaviour’ which follow what was know as the ‘respect agenda’. The anti-social behaviour act (2003) introduced several secondary crime preventative measures to deal youth offenders. For example in order to prevent graffiti taking place the anti-social behaviour act restrict the sale of aerosol paint to children and it also allows school and local authorities and youth offending to find a means to work with or punish to perpetrators of anti-social behaviour, for example banning them from the town centre at certain time and not allowing hoodies to be worn on the premises. Newburn. T (2007) criticized the anti-social behaviour act by saying that the impact it has is unknown and asks whether it is just a means of fast tracking the more persistent offenders into custody. Davies, M. , Croall, H. and Tyrer, J. (2010) Criminal  justice. 4th edn. ) Task 3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of discussions on abolition in particular the work of De Haan. (approx. 500 words 4. 1 Willem De Haam argues that crime is a result of social order and believes that punishment is not the appropriate reaction, instead the criminal justice system should work with and interference with the personal live of the perpetrates of offences and offer a maximum amount of care services of to all members of society is suggested. The notion would be rejected by the right realist approach as it goes against the persuasion that perpetrators of crime do of the own free will and there for should be punished accordingly. The term ‘abolitionism’ stand for a social movement that is based on a theoretical perspective and political strategy and is consider as a radical critique of the criminal justice system and show that the are more rational ways of dealing with crime other than imprisonment. The abolitionist call for a wide variety of social responses to crime rather that the currant uniformed state reaction to the problem. De Haam argues that it should be seen as a social policy rather than a crime policy as he believes that dealing with social problems that are currently singled of as crime. The abolitionist anti-prison movement emerged at the end of the 1960 its main objective was to soften the suffering in which society inflict on its prison population this implies that a change is needed in the general thinking concerning punishment and the humanization of imprisonment in the short run followed by a replacement of the prison system by more adequate and up-to-date forms of crime control. Abolitionists also argue that countries such as the UK where their prisons are over crowded are simply ‘warehousing ‘ in order to prevent them from reoffending. (Abolitionism and crime control: a contradiction in term; in the politics of crime control, eds K. Stenson. and D. Cowell 1991) A contemporary argument for the humanization of prisoners was made by the Pauline Campbell a trustee of the Howard League for penal reform, following the death of Campbell’s daughter Sarah while on suicide watch in the care of HMP and YOL Styal Cheshire January 2003 after she experienced a brutal regime for 24 hour before her death.